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MySQL vs Redis: Performance & Use Cases

February 15, 2025

What is MySQL?

MySQL is an open-source relational database management system (RDBMS) that uses structured query language (SQL) to manage data. It follows the ACID (Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability) model and stores data on disk, ensuring persistence and reliability.

Key technologies used in MySQL include:

  • SQL - Structured Query Language for managing data.
  • Indexes - B-tree and full-text indexing for optimized queries.
  • Storage Engines - InnoDB (default) ensures transactions and foreign keys.

What is Redis?

Redis (Remote Dictionary Server) is an in-memory key-value store designed for speed and low latency. Unlike MySQL, Redis primarily stores data in RAM, making it extremely fast. It supports various data structures such as strings, lists, sets, and hashes.

Key technologies used in Redis include:

  • In-Memory Storage - Data is stored in RAM for lightning-fast access.
  • Key-Value Model - Uses simple commands like GET and SET.
  • Persistence Options - Supports AOF (Append Only File) and RDB snapshots.

Performance Benchmarks

Operation MySQL (Disk) MySQL (Memory Table) Redis
Single Row Read (SELECT) ~2-5 ms ~1 ms <0.5 ms
Single Row Insert ~5-10 ms ~2 ms <1 ms
Batch Insert (10,000 rows) ~2-3 sec ~500 ms <100 ms

Best Use Cases

Use MySQL for:

  • Structured, relational data (e.g., user accounts, transactions).
  • Durable and persistent storage.
  • Complex queries and reporting.
  • Financial transactions requiring ACID compliance.

Use Redis for:

  • Caching frequently accessed data.
  • Real-time leaderboards and analytics.
  • Session management and authentication.
  • Messaging and Pub/Sub applications.

Hybrid Approach: Best of Both Worlds

Many high-performance applications use both MySQL and Redis together. Below is an optimal architecture:

Component Storage Type
Primary Data Storage MySQL
Frequently Accessed Data Redis (Cache Layer)
Session Storage Redis
ACID Model

The ACID model ensures reliable database transactions by maintaining four key properties:

  • Atomicity (ensuring all parts of a transaction succeed or none do),
  • Consistency (preserving database integrity),
  • Isolation (preventing concurrent transactions from interfering),
  • Durability (ensuring committed transactions persist even after system failures).